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11. Summarize the following text.

Hakaluki Haor is an important source of fisheries resources for Bangladesh. Kalibaus, Boal, Rui, Ghagot, Pabda and Chaplia are the main fish species found here. From the Kushiara there are frequent upstream movement of fish towards the beels and tributaries of Hakaluki. The beels in Hakaluki haor provide winter shelter for the mother fisheries. In early monsoon these mother fisheries produce millions of fries for the entire downstream fishing communities. Floodplains are also an important source of fisheries resources within the area. However, many of the beels have lost their capacity to provide shelter for mother fisheries because of sand deposits from upstream rivers and canals, use of complete dewatering technique for fishing and lack of aquatic plants to provide feed and shelter for parent fish.

The haor is a very important resting place for migratory waterfowls flying in from the north. The most interesting species is the Bar headed Goose, which is now hardly seen in fresh water wetlands. Many other important spices of waterfowls make the Haor their temporary home. Unfortunately, illegal poaching has been a threat to the waterfowl population in this vast wetland. Hakaluki haor is known as a good grazing land in winter. People from villages around the Haor and also from distant areas send their herds for grazing. During this time, herders make temporary shelters near the beels and graze their animals for a period of 4-5 months. The Hoar had very dense swamp forests in the past, but deforestation and a lack of conversation practices have virtually destroyed this unique forest in the last two decades.

Answer : Hakaluki Haor is an important source of fish in our country. The beels in Hakaluki haor provide winter shelter for the mother fisheries. These mother fisheries produce millions of fries. Many of the beels have lost their capacity to provide shelter for mother fisheries due to human interventions. The haor is also very important for migratory waterfowls. Besides, it is known as a good grazing land in winter. It had very dense swamp forests in the past, but deforestation and a lack of conversation practices have totally destroyed it.

12. Summarize the following text.

Though they are one of the most beloved animal species on Earth, pandas aren’t safe from the devastating effects of climate change. According to a new study, projected temperature increases in China over the next century will likely seriously hinder bamboo, almost the sole source of food for endangered pandas. Ninety-nine percent of a panda’s diet is bamboo and an adult panda needs around 38 kilograms of bamboo everyday. Only if bamboo can move to new habitats at higher elevations will pandas stand a chance of survival, the researchers said.

However, if conservation programs wait too long, human inhabitants and activities could claim of all the new habitats capable of supporting bamboo in a warming world.

“It is tough, but I think there’s still hope, if we take action now.” said research team member Jianguo Liu. “If we wait, then he could be too late.”

Answer : The devastating effects of climate change are a great threat to pandas. Projected temperature rise in China over the next century may hamper the bamboo habitats. As a result, pandas will suffer most because they solely depend on bamboos for their nutrition. According to the researchers, it is necessary to shift the bamboo habits to a suitable place. It should be done without any delay otherwise the new place might be occupied by human inhabitants and activities.

13. Summarize the following text.

The term ‘Diaspora’ is used to refer to people who have left their homelands and settled in other parts of the world, either because they were forced to do so or because they wanted to leave on their own. The world has seen many Diasporas but scholars have been studying the phenomenon with great interest only in recent decades.

Among the great Diasporas of history is that of the Jewish people, who were forced to leave their lands in ancient times. The movement of Aryans from Central Europe to the Indian sub-continent thousand of years ago is also a noteworthy diaspora, although the causes of this Diaspora are unclear. In twentieth century history, the Palestinian Diasporas has attracted a lot of attention and been a cause of concern for world leaders because of the plight of Palestinians. There have been massive............

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